Answer:
Gross Domestic Product
Explanation:
Gross Domestic Product or GDP is the most important macroeconomic variable because it measures the amount of goods and services that are produced within an economy in a given year. In other words, GDP is one of the most accurate measures of economic activity that economists have found so far.
GDP impacts companies because they depend on external market forces to stay afloat. If GDP falls one year, this means that economic activity declined, and companies are likely to feel the effects of it in the form of lower sales, lower revenues, less profits, less hiring, more firing, etc.
B. Economists have different values and scientific judgment. Economists exercise both subjective and objective judgments about data that they collect and observations that they make. These values and judgments differ among economists which can affect their advice or opinions, sometimes leading to conflicting advice.
Helps and defends.......................
Answer:
After tax cost of debt is 5.239%
Explanation:
Given:
Face value = $1,000
Bond price = $895
Coupon payments = 0.035×1,000 = $35 (coupon payment is paid semi-annually so 7% is divided by 2)
Maturity = 20×2 = 40 periods
Using bond price formula:
Bond price = Present value of face value + present value of coupon payments
Use excel function =RATE(nper,pmt,PV,FV) to calculate cost of debt.
substituting the values:
=RATE(40,35,-895,1000)
we get Pre-Tax cost of debt = 4.03% semi- annual
Annual rate is 4.03%×2 = 8.06%
Note: PV is negative as bond price is cash outflow.
After tax cost of debt = 8.06(1 - 0.35)
= 5.239%
