Answer:
A. after tax income should increase shifting AD to the right to a higher equilibrium level of output
Explanation:
If the government reduces tax, the after tax income would increase and so woold demand. Thus, the aggregate demand curve would shift rightward to a higher equilibrium level of output.
If the government cuts taxes, after tax income should decrease shifting AD to the left to a lower equilibrium level of output
I hope my answer helps you
Answer:
c rose by 3 percent.
Explanation:
Real income is nominal income less price level changes.
Real income = nominal income - changes in price level
4.6 % - 1.6% = 3%
I hope my answer helps you
Other than directly observing the market most companies get their market research from newspaper advertorials and trusted research vendors .
<h3>
Newspaper advertorials </h3>
An advertorial is a form of advertisement in a newspaper, magazine or a website which involves giving information about the product in the form of an article. Usually, a brand pays the publisher for such an article.
<h3>
Trusted research vendors </h3>
A market research vendor can provide insights on the best research design for your needs, based on years of experience. They may also have research panels to help you access your target audience most economically and experienced people to conduct interviews or focus groups.
Learn more about newspaper advertorials and trusted research vendors here :
brainly.com/question/15554322
#SPJ4
Answer:
Centralized production processing facility considers top management as the apex of decision making.
In decentralized production processing the decision making is delegated to teams and multiple individuals.
Explanation:
Centralized facility:
Pros:
a. In centralized facility top management commitment helps in improved decision making
b. Allocation of budgets to improve production processes.
c. The process becomes a part of strategic planning.
d. Standardization of processes like Mcdonalds kitchen.
e. Lower costs
f. Better forecasting
Cons:
a. Lack of flexibility
b. In case of international chains customers may be dissatisfied with standardized procedures
c. No room for customization
Decentralized Facility:
Pros:
a. Flexibility
b. Customer oriented approach
c. lack of bureaucratic procedure
d. quick decision making
Cons:
a. No standardization
b. Every Team has its own benchmarking process to evaluate performance.
c. Costly
d. Planning, budgeting and forecasting is effected adversely.
Answer:
1. B
2. A
3. D
4. C
Explanation:
1. Activity variance
B) the difference between a revenue or cost item in the flexible budget and the same item in the planning budget.
The activity variance is as a result of difference between the actual level of activity in the flexible budget to the assumed level of activity in the planning budget.
2. Planning budget
A) a budget created at the beginning of the budgeting period that is valid only for the planned level of activity.
Planning budget is a process of evaluating earnings and expenses and project their monetary intakes and outtakes for the future made by an individual or company.
3. Flexible Budget
D) a report showing estimates of what revenues and costs should have been, given the actual level of activity for the period.
Flexible budget adjusts with changes in volume and activity
4. Spending variance
C) the difference between the actual amount of the cost and how much the cost should have been, given the actual level of activity
This is unfavorable if the actual cost is greater than what the cost should have been and favorable if the actual cost is less than what the cost should have been.
