Answer:
1. The difference between the normal hemoglobin protein DNA sequence and the sickle cell hemoglobin DNA sequence is a base to base shift, in this case adenine (GAG) to thymine (GTG).
2. The difference affects the amino acid sequence of the protein by replacing glutamic acid (Glu) with valine (Val).
Explanation:
In sickle cell anemia, a change in the DNA nucleotide sequence is observed, where adenine is substituted by thymine, whose expression is the change in the amino acid sequence of globine β, incorporating valine instead of glutamic acid. This represents a molecular mutation - point mutation - by subtitution, which corresponds to missense mutation.
<u>Normal hemoglobin protein in a RBC</u>
DNA CTG ACT CCT GAG GAG AAG TCT
Amino acids Leu Thr Pro Glu Glu Lys Ser
<u>Sickle cell hemoglobin protein in a RBC</u>
DNA CTG ACT CCT <em>GTG</em> GAG AAG TCT
Amino acids Leu Thr Pro <em>Val</em> Glu Lys Ser
When GAG is transcribed to mRNA, the CUC codon is obtained, which codes for glutamic acid. Thymine substitution causes the DNA sequence to change to GTG, which is transcribed as CAC, the codon that encodes the amino acid valine. The <u>change from glutamic acid to valine in β-globin causes an altered hemoglobin, giving the abnormal erythrocytes observed in sickle cell disease</u>.
The correct answer is that ammonia is removed from the blood by the liver, which processes it into urea, and discharging it into the circulation.
The liver plays an essential function in the metabolism of proteins. The cells in the liver modify amino acids in foods so that they can be utilized to generate energy, or make fats or carbohydrates.
A toxic component known as ammonia is a waste-product of this procedure. The liver cell transform ammonia to a much less toxic component known a urea, which is discharged into the blood. Urea is then translocated to the kidneys and is removed out of the body in the form of urine.
Primates are a group of mammals
including humans, apes, monkeys, lemurs and lorises. The physical adaptations
that all primates share are; a fairly generalized skeletal layout that can be
used for many different modes of locomotion, specialized forelimbs, hands and
feet, a larger brain especially the cerebral cortex, an omnivorous diet, stereoscopic
vision that helps in the perception of depth and measuring distance and a small
number of offspring at birth.
you can recycle the cans to reuse the aluminum to reduce the amount of deaths in the mines and the amount of mines there are
The answer is <span>0.132606 amu.</span>
The mass defect (Δm) is the total mass of protons and neutrons minus the mass of the atom.
<span>mass of an oxygen-16 atom: 15.994914 amu
mass of a proton: 1.00728 amu
mass of a neutron: 1.00866 amu
</span>
An oxygen atom has 8 protons and 8 neutrons. Therefore:
Δm = 8 · 1.00728 + 8 · 1.00866 - <span>15.994914 = 8.05824 + 8.06928 - 15.994914 = 0.132606 amu
</span>
