Answer:
Pavlov's theory of stimulus substitution is the combination of several techniques that are called the spectrum of the umbrella in classical conditioning. It occurs with the pairing with the new stimulus to the already conditioned stimulus. When this procedure occurs new stimulus paired with the conditioned stimulus, there are chances of replacing already conditioned stimulus with a new stimulus.
We can take an example of a rat that is to be conditioned to respond to a whistle which related to fed then can add a flashlight as a signal with a whistle. When light is there then rat fed. The light signal is then substituted part of the whistle.
I believe the answer is the 3rd option. My apologies if I’m incorrect. :)
The power of Government should be divided
According to Benjamin Constant, Liberty of the ancient required a long time and great effort to realize the involvement of the people in the political system.
<h3>Who is Benjamin Constant?</h3>
Benjamin Constant is a Swiss-French political activist and writer on politics and religion. He wrote a psychological-biographical novel called Adolphe. He is a loud liberal figure.
Benjamin Constant tries to replace <em>"Liberty of the Ancients"</em> with <em>"Liberty of the Moderns"</em>. The Liberty of the Ancients is a free, participatory republic, which gives citizens the right to directly influence politics through debate and voting in public meetings. In order to support the level of citizen participation, it takes a long time and considerable effort. He wants people to easily gather in one place to discuss public affairs.
The Liberty of the Moderns, on the other hand, is based on the possession of civil liberties, the rule of law, and freedom from excessive state interference.
According to Constant, a modern state can be seen from the unlimited direct participation. The modern state can also be seen from its commercial society and no slaves. But everyone has to earn a living through work. In the political field, citizens will elect representatives, who will negotiate in Parliament on behalf of the people and will save citizens from having to be involved in everyday politics.
Learn More About Benjamin Constant at : brainly.com/question/21832272
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Answer:
<em>Legislative Process
</em>
Explanation:
In the United States. Congress, either the House of Representatives or the Senate initiates legislation. Nevertheless, revenue, budgets and tax bills will come from the Senate.
Assuming that a member of the House of Representatives has an idea for a new rule. He or she is drafting the bill and becoming the bill's chief sponsor. Then a number is allocated to the bill that is valid for the current Congress session (two years) and then adopted.
Any legislation that was not approved and adopted by Congress at the end of the second session, "dies" and must be reintroduced at the next Congress.
