You can find the average difference between rows. For example, in the first one, between the ys, it changes by 1, then 3, then 5, then 7. If you look at the changes between these you get 2 each time. Because you had to look at the differences twice, its quadratic. It's linear if you had to look at it once. Exponential you can just see if you can multiply the same constant between each row.
Your answer is A. The daughter cells are genetically identical to both each other and to the parent cell.
The parent cell makes two copies of its chromosomes and separates them, then divides by cytokinesis, creating two genetically identical daughter cells.
