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BigorU [14]
3 years ago
8

Given the following function definition:

Computers and Technology
1 answer:
neonofarm [45]3 years ago
4 0

The question is incomplete! Complete question along with its step by step answer is provided below!

Question:

Given the following function definition:

void calc (int a, int& b)

{

int c;

c = a + 2;

a = a * 3;

b = c + a;

}

x = 1;

y = 2;

z = 3;

calc(x, y);

cout << x << " " << y << " " << z << endl;

What is the output of the following code fragment that invokes calc?

a. 1 2 3

b. 1 6 3

c. 3 6 3

d. 1 14 9

e. None of these

Answer:

b. 1 6 3

Explanation:

In the given problem we have a function void calc which takes two input arguments a and b and updates its values according to following equations

c = a + 2;

a = a * 3;

b = c + a;

Then we call this function calc(x,y) by providing test values of

int x = 1;

int y = 2;

int z = 3;

and the output returns the values of x, y and z

cout << x << " " << y << " " << z << endl;

Lets find out what is happening here!

When the program runs we provide x=a=1 and y=b=2

c=a+2=1+2=3

a=a*3=1*3=3

b=c+a=3+3=6

So the updated values of a=x=3 and b=y=6?

NO!

The updated values are a=x=1 and b=y=6

WHY?

There are two ways to pass values

1. Pass by values -> value cannot change  (int a)

2. Pass by reference -> value can change (int& b)

Look at the function void calc (int a, int& b) ;

Here we are passing (int a) as a value and (int& b) as a reference, therefore x remains same x=1 and y gets changed to updated value y=6 and z remains same as z=3 since it wasnt used by function calc(x,y)

The right answer is:

b. 1 6 3

x=1, y=6, z=3

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}#include <iostream>

#include <stdlib.h>

using namespace std;

int main()

{

srand(time(0));

 

int coins = rand()%99 + 1;

int temp = coins;

cout<<"Enter the coins needed to make $0."<<coins<<"?"<<endl<<endl;

int a, b, c, d;

cout<<"Quarters? ";

cin>>a;

cout<<"Dimes? ";

cin>>b;

cout<<"Nickles? ";

cin>>c;

cout<<"Pennies? ";

cin>>d;

 

int quarters = coins/25;

 

coins = coins%25;

 

int dimes = coins/10;

 

coins = coins%10;

 

int nickles = coins/5;

coins = coins%5;

 

int pennies = coins/1;

 

if(((a*25) + (b*10) + (c*5) + (d*1))==temp)

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cout<<"That's correct"<<endl;

 

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cout<<"The solution is "<<endl;

 

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cout<<"\tQuarters: "<<quarters<<endl;

cout<<"\tDimes: "<<dimes<<endl;

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return 0;

}

Explanation:

  • Use the built-in rand function to generate a random coin.
  • Get all the required values for quarters, dimes, nickles and pennies and store them in variables.
  • Check if the coins give a value of temp, then answer is correct and the values of user will be added.
  • Optimum solution is displayed  If it does not matches with the optimum solution. Display that the answer is wrong along with solution.
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