The smallest organized unit of life is a cell
During translation to RNA, the nitrogen bases on the DNA molecule are translated to complementary RNA bases. Afterwards, these bases are again used to form amino acids.
Three bases make up a codon, which codes for a specific amino acid. If a base is changed, the codon will become changed. This will result in a different amino acid being produced in and the primary structure of the polypeptide will be altered.
The mutation resulting in sickle cell disease changes one base pair of DNA so that a codon now codes for a different amino acid, making it an example of a missense mutation. Missense mutation is the mutation characterized with <span>changes in one base pair so that the whole amino acid is changed.</span>
The tiny structures inside of cells, such as Ribosomes or chloroplasts that have specialized roles are called organelles. These structures are found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells and are enclosed with a membrane. These tiny structures are not present in prokaryotes like in bacteria.
