Pliocene Epoch is the timescale between 5.33 my to 2.58 my. It includes fossilized remains of primates and human including Ardipithecus ramidus, Australopithecus anamensis, Australopithecus afarensis, Australopithecus garhi, and Australopithecus africanus.
Is chemistry for reactions to take place energy must be provided. As heat is a form of energy, the more the heat, the more the energy, the faster the reaction occurs
The temperature at tropic region is warmer than the polar temperatures due to angle of the sun.
The tropics which is located near the equator are hotter than the arctic region i.e. north and south poles because the sunlight falls directly on the tropic regions at 90 degrees while on the other hand, the sunlight falls on the poles not directly and form angle lower than 90 degrees.
The amount of solar energy in a given area is greater at the equator and tropic regions than in an equal area at the poles so that's why the temperature at tropic region is warmer than the polar temperatures.
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Answer:
Hemoglobin is responsible for binding and transporting oxygen in the body. It is a tetrameric protein that is found in high concentration in red blood cells (erythrocytes, red blood cells). Each hemoglobin molecule is made up of four subunits: two of the alpha type and two of the beta type, and each subunit can bind an oxygen molecule through its heme group.
Structure studies have shown that hemoglobin can adopt two conformations, called T (tense) and R (relaxed). Deoxyhemoglobin (in blue) is in state T, and the union of oxygen (in red) causes the transition to state R. The animation shows a close view of the heme group (in white, balls and rods) of one of the subunits of hemoglobin. In the deoxygenated state (T), the iron atom is not coplanar with the rest of the heme group due to its association with the histidine side chain. The union of oxygen displaces the iron atom so that it remains coplanar with the rest of the heme group, which in turn drags histidine, producing a larger-scale conformational change that affects the entire protein.
Hemoglobin can be considered as a tetramer formed by two alpha-beta dimers. The conformational change associated with the transition from T to R mainly affects the relative position of these two dimers (rather than the interactions between the alpha and beta subunits within a dimer). This is illustrated in the last stretch of the animation (drawn in black and white).
