Heme= blood
otology= study of
<span>a hematologist is a doctor who specializes in the study of blood</span>
Answer:
Glycolysis evolved before Kreb's cycle and Electron Transport chain. This view is supported by following facts:
- Glucose cannot enter the mitochondria and it needs to be broken down into pyruvate in the cytosol by the process of glycolysis.
- Pyruvate then forms acetyl CoA that enters the mitochondria where it undergoes Kreb's cycle.
- The Electron transport Chain occurs by passing of electron and finally donating it to the electron acceptor oxygen. The molecules of NADH produced in the preparatory phase of glycolysis provides the electron for electron transport chain.
- Thus Glycolysis must have evolved before Kreb's Cycle and Electron Transport Chain otherwise the raw materials for both the processes would not have been available.
The bacterial species,<u> Listeria monocytogenes</u>, accounts for 12%-15% of infant meningitis cases.
Explanation:
Listeria monocytogenes is a group B strep gram-negative bacteria, one of the main causes of meningitis.
This species is psychrotrophic in nature which means that it can grow at low temperatures like refrigerator temperature and mostly found in areas with a temperature around 15-20 degrees Celsius.
These organisms also become psychrotolerant or psychrophiles and can grow at places where the temperature fluctuates.
This is the main reason for the spoilage of food stored in a refrigerator. So leftover baby foods, bottles stored in a refrigerator can be contaminated with these species.
When the infants ingest the contaminated food or use the bottle, they also get infected. Listeria monocytogenes cause meningitis in infants especially who are immunocompromised infants.
Answer:
- First outgroup → Ray-Finned Fishes
- Second outgroup → Sharks
Explanation:
The outgroup is the most distant taxonomic group that shares no traits or characters with the lineages of interest, which compose the ingroup. You can compare the outgroup with the ingroup to determine the evolutive relationship and which characters are primitive or derived.
Even though the outgroup shares a common ancestor with the ingroup, this is placed far away in evolution, making the outgroup to be the taxonomic group less related to the other lineages. The lineages in the ingroup share another common ancestor that is more recent in history.
To select the outgroup, you need to focus on what you are interested in. There might be several outgroups, but you should choose the one that is more related or closer to the ingroups. This selection is important because you need to make comparisons to understand the evolution of specific traits.
In the exposed example, we need to focus on animals that have four limbs. Then, we might assume that the ingroup is composed of Amphibians Crocodiles Dinosaurs. Sharks and Ray-Finned Fish do not have four limbs, so they might be considered outgroups.
From these two outgroups, sharks have a cartilaginous skeleton, while Ray-Finned Fishes have a bony skeleton. This fact makes ray-finned fishes more related to the ingroup than the sharks. So,
- First outgroup → Ray-Finned Fishes
- Second outgroup → Sharks
Answer:
Reproduction in prokaryotes is asexual and usually takes place by binary fission. Recall that the DNA of a prokaryote exists as a single, circular chromosome. Prokaryotes do not undergo mitosis. Rather the chromosome is replicated and the two resulting copies separate from one another due to the growth of the cell.
Explanation:
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