Whenever a research is done, you must reject or accept a null hypothesis (the one you consider is not correct) or your work hypothesis (the theory you think is must probably accurate or close to the truth) usually, when performing a research, you will not always obtain positive or statistically significant results, that validate your hypothesis. Is actually, not unusual that extremes (or extraordinary results) come out (unexpected for several reasons: incorrect size of the sample, improper selection of the subjects- a bias- lack of correct determination of the variable measured or failure to determine the type of the variable-numerical, categorical, ratio,etc-)
Positive or negative results are yet, results whether they prove or reject your hypothesis. Failing to establish a scientific hypothesis does not necessarily mean that they did something wrong, it just says that the hypothesis tested does not approach correctly to the epistemological truth (ultimately, any research is only a mere approximation to reality). Therefore, when two scientists deny sharing<em> unusual results</em>, they are acting unethically, hiding results that can mean something from a different point of view.
reference
Nicholson, R. S. (1989). On being a scientist. Science, 246(4928), 305-306.
Answer:
Explanation:
Common law is "law that has been devolped on the basis" aka of preceding rulings by judges.
statutory laws are written laws passed by the legislature and government of a country and those which have been accepted by the society
Constitutional laws is the foundation of all law in a specific jurisdiction, it makes governmental authority and power just as much as it sets limatations and grants of rights.
Case law is the mutiplies of past legal decisions written by courts. In which the law was analyzed using these cases to resolve ambiguities for deciding current cases. (Basiclly meaning this case can affect future cases if needed)
The correct answer is any substance or environmental factor other than a steroid
The independent variable is the factor or behavior that is manipulated by the experimenter in order to observe the effect of that manipulation on another factor or behavior that is the dependent variable. To you It is also called the experimental or active variable.
I would guess it to be 'a' as most of the country is run by the government
