He encouraged a widespread fear of Communism.
McCarthyism effectively pushed for an anti-communist rethoric that often accused people of being "soviet spies" without any proof. These people were subject to discrimination (in the form of being kicked out of your job because someone shouted "he's a commie!" in public) and unfair trials thanks to McCarthy himself and the Red Scare, which coincided with each other.
On June 16, 1976 the Soweto Students Uprising began (Soweto is a neighborhood of Johannesburg). Around 20,000 students went to the streets and made a peaceful protest opposing to Afrikaan as the official language for instruction in schools. The government's responde was violence, killing hundreds of students, as a result, the revolt spread through the whole country and carried on until the following year. These events changed the socio-political landscape in South Africa which main problem was the Apartheid.
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3number answer
Around 3200 BCE the earliest civilizations Emerge