The basis of the founder's concerns over the formation of political parties is that the political factions would tear the nation apart.
<h3><u>Explanation:</u></h3>
The designer of the Constitution believed that the Political Parties are a necessary evil and they can't avoid it. The Political factions may lead to the Civil War between the groups, so it was essential to design the Constitution keeping that in mind so that the evil effect of the Political Parties don’t spread.
The Constitutional framers were highly concerned about the formation of political parties which drifted England in civil wars of 
century. These political parties are considered as the corruption of monarchical British System in favor of democratic government.
The pressure to loosen clean air standards is based in allegations that the standards affect industry development and economy because the adjustments require further modernization and some industry even need to change their whole machinery or line production to be able to meet the legal requirements, as for the car industry, slowing down production or increasing costs.
In short-term that is very likely to be true, the industry will have to do some investment, but the price will be lower than the long-term cost of keeping up polluting the air.
The clean air standards should not be loosen because loosen the standards will benefits only specific groups and temporary, later and in other domains the loosen of the standards will affects human and other animals quality of life and environment. The economic impact will be seen later on healthy sector, food sector as agriculture and livestock, in nature disaster and in the lack of natural resources due to dramatic landscape changes.
We should not think about just economic impact of now when taking this decisions but we should consider systematic risks and consequences of supporting the loosen of clean air standards.
We must keep in mind that some process in nature are irreversible and when one action as the pollution of air is impacting towards things we will not be able to revert anymore the cost will be much higher in future than is now to adapt to the clean standards.
Anne Hutchinson & Roger Williams publicly questioned some of the Puritan ministers' beliefs
<u>Explanation:</u>
Anne Hutchinson was celebrated as one of the early settlers of the Massachusetts Colony who was exiled from Boston in 1637 for her strict and women's activist convictions and fled to the Rhode Island Colony.
Roger Williams freely scrutinised a portion of the Puritan clergymen convictions. Puritan clergymen involved a focal job in their general public.
While Puritanism focused on the idea of the calling, which asserted that all work was divine, the control of clergyman was especially significant. Priests made it their motivation to translate sacred text for the individuals.
Answer:
According to behaviorists, operant conditioning may play a key role in how the rewarding effects of drugs lead to substance use disorders.
Explanation:
According to Skinner, operant conditioning is a learning method that takes place employing rewards and punishments as a response to a particular behavior. Operant conditioning determines how an individual associates a specific behavior and its consequences, such as drugs consumption and its effects.
