Viruses can multiply very quickly, and so they can go through natural selection at a much quicker rate, allowing certain vaccine resistant mutations to take over a population.
The correct answer is: Protons are pumped out of the mitochondrial matrix into the intermembrane space
Chemiosmosis can be described as movement of ions across a selectively permeable membrane, down their electrochemical gradient. It occurs during the cellular respiration within mitochondria and it is involved in ATP synthesis (oxidative phosphorylation via ATP synthase).
Electrons from electron carriers (NADH and FADH) donate electrons to the electron transport chain and that causes changes in protein complexes of electron transport chain. As a consequence, protein complexes pump H+ across a selectively permeable cell membrane from the mitochondrial matrix into the intermembrane space of mitochondria.
H+ can only get back and pass through the inner mitochondrial membrane with the help of ATP synthase (down their electrochemical gradient). ATP synthase turned by the force of the H+ diffusing through it forms ATP by adding a phosphate to ADP.
Answer:
Archimedes principle
Explanation:
Any object, totally or partially immersed in a fluid, is buoyed up by a force equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object.
Answer;
-B3
Explanation;
Refrigerants are divided into two groups according to toxicity:
-Class A signifies refrigerants for which toxicity has not been identified at concentrations less than or equal to 400 ppm; and
-Class B signifies refrigerants for which there is evidence of toxicity at concentrations below 400 ppm.
They are also divided into three groups according to flammability:
-Class 1 indicates refrigerants that do not show flame propagation when tested in air at 21°C and 101 kPa;
-Class 2 indicates refrigerants having a lower flammability limit of more than 0.10 kg/m3 at 21°C and 101 kPa and a heat of combustion of less than 19 kJ/kg;
-Class 3 indicates refrigerants that are highly flammable as defined by a lower flammability limit of less than or equal to 0.10 kg/m3 at 21°C and 101 kPa or a heat of combustion greater than or equal to 19 kJ/kg.
-Therefore; the answer for the above question would be Class B and class 3.
