The correct answer is belief perseverance.
Perseverance is a quality of those who persist, who are consistent in their actions and do not give up in the face of difficulties.
To persevere is to achieve your goals due to the fact of staying firm and faithful to your ideas and purposes.
The correct statement here is
(2). Over time, the Arab Empire expanded and conquered Byzantine territories in the Middle East and northern Africa
Explanation:
At the time of the bifurcation and eventual fall of the original Roman empire with its fragmentation, the holy Roman empire up west was the empire that was its successor in a sense while the empire that emerged to the east was of the Byzantines who were ruling from Iran.
Their power would be challenged by the caliphate after the formulation of Islam as they would eventually take over all the territory of the Byzantines and force the empire into near submission.
