Question

The Byzantine Empire began as the eastern half of the old Roman Empire and expanded to include much of Rome’s Mediterranean territories (1). South of the Byzantine Empire, the Arab Empire rose to power, conquering the Persian Empire (2). Over time, the Arab Empire expanded and conquered Byzantine territories in the Middle East and northern Africa (3). The Arab Empire required all conquered people to convert to Confucianism (4).

Answer 1

The correct statement here is

(2). Over time, the Arab Empire expanded and conquered Byzantine territories in the Middle East and northern Africa

Explanation:

At the time of the bifurcation and eventual fall of the original Roman empire with its fragmentation, the holy Roman empire up west was the empire that was its successor in a sense while the empire that emerged to the east was of the Byzantines who were ruling from Iran.

Their power would be challenged by the caliphate after the formulation of  Islam as they would eventually take over all the territory of the Byzantines and force the empire into near submission.