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rewona [7]
3 years ago
14

What adaptations would a plant species need to encounter the effects of an herbivorous insect and what adaptations would the ins

ect need to counter those defenses?
Biology
1 answer:
kaheart [24]3 years ago
5 0

Answer:

The plant defense system incorporates waxy cuticles or bark that are impenetrable in order to protect from insects. They can create complex polymers that lower the plant absorbability to creatures; and poisons that can kill herbivores and insects. Furthermore, plants produce hard shells, and spines (changed leaves), and thorns to shield themselves from herbivores.  

Herbivores then again have built up a various scope of physical structures to encourage the utilization of plant material. They have created teeth structures to penetrate or break plant tissues and that mirror their taking care of inclinations. They can create proteins, for example, oxidases (MFOs) and protease that counter and diminish the adequacy of various harmful auxiliary metabolites delivered by plants. They can maintain a strategic distance from plant protections by eating plants specifically in reality.

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DCCD (dicyclohexylcarbodiimide) inhibits oxidative phosphorylation when the substrate is mitochondrial NADH. DCCD is a drug that
VARVARA [1.3K]

Answer:

A) Decreases cellular energy production

B) DCCD also affects K+ transport

Explanation:

A) Consequences are of DCCD on cellular energy production: <em>Decreases cellular energy production</em>

ATP-synthase pump is composed of two subunits: F1 catalytic subunit that synthesizes ATP, and F0 proton pumping subunits, that transport H+ through the membrane. F1 subunit might act independently of F0 to produce ATP, but this molecule can not be released without H+ gradient, which generates a movement necessary for ATP release from the catalytic center.

When any of the parts composing F0 react with DCCD, the subunit can not transport H+ through the membrane. DCCD inhibits the enzyme activity by blocking the protons´ flow.

As DCCD blocks the protons´ flow, and the protons´ flow is necessary to release the ATP molecule from the F1 subunit, no other ADP + Pi can enter to F1 subunit, and the production of ATP stops.

B) Other cellular effects of DCCD

There seem to be other effects of DCCD on cell activity, some of which are still under study. To name a few:

  • Diimide from DCCD seems to stimulate cytochrome b reduction and inhibits its reoxidation by ferricyanide.
  • When exposing the cell to high concentrations of DCCD for a long time, might occur an alteration in the electron transporting chain
  • Inhibition of ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase activity when exposing the cell to high concentrations of DCCD.
  • Inhibition of K+ transport, associated with the inhibition of H+ transport.

Concerning the effect of DCCD on the K+ transport, DCCD stops the extrusion of H+ and the consequent intrusion of K+.

DCCD strongly inhibits the simultaneous flow of H+ and K+. First, it inhibits H+ flow, acidification of the environment stops, but at this point, K+ keeps moving through the membrane. Once the H+ flow has ceased, the K+ flow slowly decreases until it finally stops moving. There is a lag time in the DCCD effect on K+ flow to the instantaneous effect on H+ flow.

5 0
3 years ago
Individuals with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency have increased resistance to malaria because the parasite does not
Alexus [3.1K]

Individuals with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency have increased resistance to malaria because the parasite does not survive well in cells with oxidative stress.

<h3>What is the link between G6P deficiency and malaria?</h3>
  • Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is an X-linked recessive disorder.
  • G6PD protects cells from oxidative damage especially the RBCs whose main function is to carry oxygen.
  • Mutation in the gene results in G6PD deficiency leading to oxidative stress which can lead to anemia (iron deficiency) as there is breakdown of RBCs.
  • However, G6PD deficiency is quite common in parts of Africa, Middle East, and South Asia, which are the regions of high malaria endemism.
  • This is due to natural selection in which G6PD deficiency is not eliminated from the population as it can protect people from malaria infection.
  • Malaria parasite <em>Plasmodium</em> species does not survive well in cells with oxidative stress.

Learn about malaria here:

brainly.com/question/17033567

#SPJ4

7 0
1 year ago
Base your answer on your knowledge modern genetic techniques. what is the name of the process where genetically identical plants
lina2011 [118]

Answer:

The answer is C cloning.

8 0
2 years ago
Name an organism in each domain: archaea, bacteria, eukarya
scZoUnD [109]

Answer:

Explanation:

archaea:they live in water area and usually eat some plants

bacteria:the germs that are in the air

eukarya:it is an animal well better said any animal because it has a cell membrane and nucleus to protect the cell

7 0
3 years ago
DNA seen during interphase of mitosis is in a diffused state called _____?
Reika [66]
RNA :) :) :) :) :) Just whati learnt term 1
6 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
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