It is both biotic and abiotic
Biological soil crusts<span> are communities of living organisms on the </span>soil<span> surface in arid and semi-arid ecosystems. They are found throughout the world with varying species composition and cover depending on topography, </span>soil<span> characteristics, climate, plant community, microhabitats, and disturbance regimes.</span>
Answer:
Nature
Explanation:
Because erosion happens in the nature.
Explanation:
The study of how plants, animals, and organisms are spread across the globe over time and space is known as biogeography.
Example of biogeography includes the splitting of Pangea (all the Earth's continents were one large landmass).
<span>D) kilograms, newtons
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