Answer:
DNA or protein can be used as a ''molecular clock'' that tells how long it has been since two species have diverged from a common ancestor. The fossil record is usually derived from sedimentary rocks laid down millions of years ago.
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Carbon dioxide and oxygen are
differentially exchanged between the atmosphere and the oceans in the carbon
cycle. An increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide also raises the carbon dioxide
absorbed by the oceans. This increases the pH of the ocean waters which consequently
affects the growth of phytoplankton. Low pH affects negatively the growth of phytoplankton.
The clarity of the waters would, therefore, increase with pH due to low
plankton growth.
