Answer is (1) - less mass and greater penetrating power.
Alpha particle is a ₂⁴He nucleus while beta particles are electrons. Hence, the mass of alpha particle is greater than the mass of beta particle. But, the penetrating power is higher in beta particle than alpha particle. Alpha particles can be blocked by few papers but beta particles can go through those papers.
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Solids have a set shape and can't flow since their particles can only vibrate in a specific direction. They are unable to travel from one location to another.
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Performance Tasks 188; Instructional Videos 75
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a. NH gain a proton
b. NH is a Bronsted-Lowry base because is capable of accepting a proton
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As the piece of metal skitters across the surface of the water in a beaker and — particularly in the case of potassium — it appears to catch fire, it is not obvious that the explanation for both phenomena lies in the production of hydrogen gas.
