When contrasting life-course persistent offenders with adolescent-limited offenders, researchers agree that: the causes and consequences of the two are very different.
One of the strongest correlates of crime is age, with a common empirical finding of an adolescent rise and peak of offending. One theory in particular, Moffitt’s developmental taxonomy, advances a specific hypothesis for the age–crime relationship, with a focus on a specific typology of offenders, adolescence-limited who offend for specific reasons during adolescence. This chapter reviews the adolescence-limited hypothesis relevant empirical research, and concludes with summary statements, challenges to Moffitt’s adolescence-limited hypothesis, and directions for future research.
There are other theories that have been developed to explain the rise and peak of adolescent offending. Patterson (1997) set out a learning model in which decreases in parents monitoring and supervision during adolescence lead adolescents to offend. Another explanation is Agnew’s (2003) integrated theory of the adolescent peak in offending. Recalling that adolescents are given only some adult privileges and responsibilities, Agnew believes that this has important effects on increasing delinquency among adolescents, including a decline in supervision increased social and academic demands participation in a larger, more diverse peer-oriented social world an increase in the desire for adult privileges, and reduced ability to cope in a legitimate manner and an increase in the disposition to cope in an illegitimate (delinquency/crime) manner to attain the adult privileges and goods they want
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Answer:
Birds’ feathers are designed to be light but very strong, flexible but very tough. Although it looks like feathers grow all over a bird, they actually grow in specific areas called feather tracks. In between the feather tracks are down feathers. This keeps the body weight down.
Feathers are made of a tough and flexible material called keratin. The spine down the middle, called the shaft, is hollow. The vanes are on the two halves of the feather. They are made of thousands of branches called barbs. Because there are many spaces between these barbs, a feather has as much air as matter.
Explanation:
Answer:
d. There are allocation trade-offs between fecundity and other traits.
Explanation:
for lower-than-expected fecundity , despite increased fitness is plausible because there are allocation fecundity and other traits.
Fecundity is nothing but the ability of an organism to produce and abundance of off-spring. It is same as fertility. Fecundity also depends upon size of the organism. This is called allocation fecundity.
Hence, option d is correct.
Answer:
c) identifying the bell as a neutral stimulus; identifying food as the unconditioned stimulus; repeatedly presenting the sound of the bell followed by food; presenting the sound of the bell to produce saliva.
Explanation:
Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov was studying salivation in dogs during the 1890s and comes up with the theory of classical conditioning in which a neutral stimulus was closely associated with the unconditioned stimulus to obtain a particular conditioned response. the theory involves learning to combine an unconditional stimulus that has already given rise to a specific response with a new stimulus so that the new stimulus results in the same response.
