Answer:
Relative age dating is the process of determining if one rock or geologic event is older or younger than another, without knowing their specific ages
Absolute age dating is measuring the physical properties of an object itself and using these measurements to calculate its exact age
Explanation:
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One example can be the needle shaped leaves.
In desert areas, there are not much water sources. So basically, any drop of water is precious. To help prevent water loss of plants, for example cactus has very thin leaves that are needle shaped. Or some even don't have any leaves. This can reduce the surface area of leaves and thus reduce the water evaporating to the outer environment.
Another example also shown on cactus is that they have very thick waxy cuticle. It can also prevent water from evaporating from the stem. So that's why you see the stem is very shinny.
B) Frost
Frost is a thin layer of ice on a solid surface, which forms from water vapor in an above freezing atmosphere coming in contact with a solid surface whose temperature is below freezing, and resulting in a phase change from water vapor to ice as the water vapor reaches the freezing point.
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<em><u>How could genetic variation affect new adaptations?</u></em>
<em>Populations adapt to novel environments in two distinct ways: selection on pre-existing genetic variation and selection on new mutations. These alternative sources of beneficial alleles can result in different evolutionary dynamics and distinct genetic outcomes. Compared with new mutations, adaptation from standing genetic variation is likely to lead to faster evolution, the fixation of more alleles of small effect and the spread of more recessive alleles. </em>
<em>So you may be asking.... why? And how?</em>
<em>There is potential to distinguish between adaptation from standing variation and that from new mutations by differences in the genomic signature of selection. Here we review these approaches and possible examples of adaptation from standing variation in natural populations. Understanding how the source of genetic variation affects adaptation will be integral for predicting how populations will respond to changing environments.</em>
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Answer:
Enzymes have specific sites which are known as the active sites. The shape of the active sites is specific for specific kinds of substrates. This allows every enzyme to be specific for its action. Only the specific substrate will be able to fit into the active site and hence, activate the enzyme. The presence of active sites makes the activity of each enzyme specific and hence, every enzyme is able to catalyze a specific kind of reaction.
