Stimulants are substances that all result in the increase of levels of dopamine in the brain, which is a neurotransmitter that affects attention and pleasure. What this means is that stimulants affect our brain and the way it works by changing the ways that nerve cells communicate.
Neurons (nerve cells) are the cells that have a role in transmitting messages from the brain to other parts of our body, and vice-versa, which is important for pain response, alertness, energy etc.
With long-term use, the use of stimulants would affect the central nervous system (speeding it up), the brain, and the functions necessary to live, like respiration, heart rate, blood pressure, body temperature. Levels of neurotransmitters like dopamine, serotonin, and GABA, which are responsible for the regulation of different processes, are also impacted, which creates a chemical disbalance ultimately resulting in behavioral changes, mood swings, altered attention, movement and energy, stress etc.
So the part of the body that is affected the most with the long-term use of stimulants like cocaine, nicotine, methamphetamine is the brain of course, which is where these substances have the most impact, but the impact on the central nervous system, autonomous nervous system, and neurotransmitter levels is significant.
Trait is an obvious, observable, and measurable trait; it is the expression of genes in an observable way. An example of a phenotypic trait is a specific hair color
Answer:
Glycolysis
Explanation:
Glycolysis is the first step in cellular respiration, both aerobic and anaerobic.
Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm, whereas other steps of aerobic respiration occur in the mitochondria.
During glycolysis, a six carbon glucose molecule is broken down into two three carbon molecules of pyruvic acid. This process yields two molecules of ATP. Two hydrogen ions and two molecules of water are also released during the process.
Answer:
Soil condition directly affects crop growth.
Explanation:
Soil condition affects the crop growth directly. If a soil is in fertile condition then the growth of crop which is growing in such soil will be good but if the soil is infertile then the crop will not grow to its fullest. A fertile soil is the one which has optimum condition for growth of a crop like suitable pH, moisture retention capacity, good amount of nutrients & minerals like nitrogen, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, magnesium etc. If a soil is rich in all these constituents then the crop which is growing in this soil will be healthy. But, if a soil is infertile then the crop which is growing on that soil will be under stress and will not be able to grow completely.
Answer:
A substance that speeds up a chemical reaction—without being a reactant—is called a catalyst. The catalysts for biochemical reactions that happen in living organisms are called enzymes. Enzymes are usually proteins, though some ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules act as enzymes too.
Explanation:
