When exercise does not increase bone mass, it has been observed that the risk of bone fractures increases due to osteoporosis.
<h3>What are the benefits of exercise to bone mass and density?</h3>
Bone mass refers to the mass of the bones in a living organism as a result of the deposition of minerals within the bone.
An increase in bone mass is directly related to the strength of the bone.
Strong bones have high bone masses whereas weak bone have low bone mass.
Physical activity have been shown to improve bone mass by increase the mass of deposited minerals in the bone.
Exercise such as walking, running, jogging, and other forms of exercise have been shown to improve bone mass and hence, the strength of bones.
However, when exercise does not increase bone mass, osteoporosis is observed which results in bone fracture.
In conclusion, the strength of a bone is directly related to the bone mass which is directly related to the mass of minerals deposited within them.
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Answer:
There is a higher oxygen content in the air of the lungs than that of oxygen-depleted blood and a lower carbon dioxide concentration. This gradient of concentration causes gas exchange during respiration.
Explanation:
Answer:
Nitrogen is removed from the atmosphere mainly by nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the soil and oceans (blue-green algae).
Explanation:
Nitrogen is removed from the atmosphere mainly by nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the soil and oceans (blue-green algae).
Answer:
It seems that a reciprocal translocation is going on.
Explanation:
A translocation occurs when a chromosomal fragment changes its location in the same chromosome from the original to a new one. Or when it leaves the chromosome to re-locate in a new different chromosome.
According to this, there are different types of translocations:
- Intrachromosomal translocations:
- Intra-radial: the change in position occurs in the same arm of the chromosome. For instance, 123.456789 → 123.478569
- Extra-radial: The change in position occurs from one arm to the other of the same chromosome. For instance, 123.456789 → 15623.4789
- Extrachromosomal translocations:
- Transposition: not reciprocal interchange. The fragment leaves a chromosome to re-locate in another chromosome. The other chromosome does not send any fragment to the first one.
- Reciprocal translocation: There is a reciprocal interchange. A fragment of chromosome A goes to B, and a fragment of chromosome B goes to A.
Reciprocal translocations might be:
- Fraternal: the interchange occurs among homologous chromosomes
- External: the interchange occurs among non-homologous chromosomes
Reciprocal translocations are easily recognized during meiosis because an association between four chromosomes can be observed. This association is a quadrivalent structure.
During metaphase 1, the centromeres involved in the quadrivalent originate centromeric co-orientation or disjunction.
