During photosynthesis, the energy used to pump protons comes from ______light_____, whereas in cellular respiration it comes from ______NADH/FADH₂_______.
<h3>What are the steps in photosynthesis?</h3>
- The first step in photosynthesis is the absorption of light by chlorophyll bound to chloroplast thylakoid proteins. The absorbed light energy is used to remove electrons from electron donors such as water to form oxygen.
- The electrons are then transferred to the primary electron acceptor, quinine (Q.). Electrons are further transferred from the primary electron acceptor to the final electron acceptor (usually NADP⁺).
- Proton transfer from the thylakoid lumen to the stroma via the F₀F₁ complex generates ATP from ADP and Pi.
- The NADP and ATP produced in steps 2 and 3 provide the energy, and the electrons power the process of reducing the carbon to a six-carbon sugar molecule.
The first three steps of photosynthesis, are directly dependent on light energy and are thus, called light reactions, while the reactions in the last step are independent of light and thus are termed dark reactions.
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Answer:
The cerebellum (back of the brain) and the brainstem (middle of the brain)
Explanation:
Muscle movement coordination can be<em> voluntary</em> or <em>involuntary</em>. There are different sections of the brain responsible for the two;
- Voluntary movement of muscles is coordinated by the brainstem in addition to other functions such as sneezing, swallowing, vomitting, etc.
- Involuntary coordination of muscles is controlled by the cerebellum in addition to maintaining posture, balance and body equilibrium.
Hence, both the cerebellum and the brainstem are responsible for coordinating muscle movement.
Around 2 centimeters so I would say either C or D
The answer is; the melanin in darkly pigmented skin protects DNA from UV radiation, and UV radiation can cause skin cancer
In Africa, due to its equatorial latitude location, receives direct sunlight at more or less 90 degrees most of the year. These highly concentrated rays increase the UV radiation exposure that can cause damage to cell DNA. Selection pressure, therefore, favored individuals with high melanin concentrations that protect against UV. Therefore population evolved towards high melanin densities in the skin.
The strategies for preserving, or treating the dead body, that the old Egyptians utilized is called Mummification. Utilizing exceptional procedures, the Egyptians expelled all dampness from the body, leaving just a dried shape that would not effortlessly rot. Mummification was polished all through the vast majority of early Egyptian history.
