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jeka94
3 years ago
10

Which of the following statements does not highlight a difference in eukaryotic and prokaryotic translation?

Biology
1 answer:
andreyandreev [35.5K]3 years ago
3 0

Answer:

The correct answer is a and e.

Explanation:

Translation is the process by which mRNA is translated into proteins. It occurs in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. In prokaryotes, transcription and translation occur simultaneously while in eukaryotes translation is a separate process occurs in the cytoplasm after transcription.

The first amino acid incorporated in the polypeptide is methionine in eukaryotes and formyl methionine in prokaryotes. After protein synthesis in both eukaryotes in prokaryotes, post-translational takes place like glycosylation, acetylation, alkylation, etc.  

Post translation is important for proteins to provide them heterogeneity and functional activity. Thus, the correct answer is a. the first methionine in eukaryotic translation contains a formyl group and e. many eukaryotic proteins are chemically modified after translation, which is a much rarer phenomenon in prokaryotes.

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Which step in transcription occurs first?
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Answer:

<em>Option 3 </em>: RNA polymerase attaches to the promoter.

Long Answer:

<h2>What is RNA? How is RNA produced?</h2>

RNA is a nucleic acid that is single stranded and comparable to DNA. DNA is also known as deoxyribonucleic acid, whereas RNA is short for ribonucleic acid. The word "ribo" in the name refers to the kind of sugar that makes up the nucleic acid backbone. Although RNA comes in a variety of forms, the three primary kinds all play crucial roles in the cell's translation of the DNA code into functional proteins. A copy of a gene's DNA sequence, known as messenger RNA, exits the cell's nucleus. A ribosome converts the sequence in the mRNA into a polypeptide (unprocessed protein). RRNA is used to make ribosomes (ribosomal RNA). The polypeptide's building blocks, amino acids, are joined to tRNAs (transfer RNAs). Transfer RNAs ensure that the right amino acid is delivered to the polypeptide that the ribosome is producing by matching with their complement bases on the mRNA.

<h2>What is transcription in biology?</h2>

Transcription is the biological process through which a complementary RNA strand is created using DNA as a template. This is the initial phase of either the creation of proteins or the transfer of information inside a cell. Genetic information is stored in DNA, which is subsequently used to transmit it to RNA during transcription and then control the synthesis of proteins during translation. Messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA are the three forms of RNA that may be produced (rRNA). Pre-commencement, initiation, elongation, and termination are the four phases of transcription. By attaching to a promoter region at the 5' end of a DNA strand, the RNA polymerase subunit starts pre-initiation, also known as template binding. The enzyme can access the template strand because the DNA strand is denatured, which separates the two complementary strands. Partner strand refers to the opposite strand. The DNA strand's promoter sequences are essential for the effective start of transcription.The identification of some of these motifs, including TATAAT and TTGACA in prokaryotes and TATAAAA and GGCCAATCT in eukaryotes, has been determined. Promoter sequences are particular sequences of the ribonucleotide bases making up the DNA strand (adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine). These patterns are referred to as cis-acting elements. For RNA polymerase to more easily attach to the promoter region in eukaryotes, an extra transcription factor is required.

<h2>What is the process of transcription and translation within biology? What are some examples?</h2>

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