A modern political action would be the revolution of workers. Many people believed this statement would be the rallying cry for individuals who supported the Communist way of life. Many felt that it signaled an end to global capitalism.
The answer to that would be A. Criticism of traditional authority.
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Answer: In the West, Americans found a lot of land to expand, new species of plants and animals, and access to the Pacific Ocean. Because of their access to the largest body of water on the planet, international trade was possible (but wouldn't begin for another 75 or so years, assuming that this is in the mid-1800s).