In cell signalling, after a signal is sent, signal molecules bind to receptors on target cells and some activity in a target cell changes.
There are three stages in cell signalling :
1. The process of reception occurs when a signalling molecule from the extracellular environment is recognized by a cell. The chemical signal, which is also known as a ligand, is recognized as a signal when it attaches to a receptor protein either on the exterior of the cell or on the interior of the cell.
2. Transduction: This process occurs when the signalling molecule interacts with the receptor, which causes a change in the protein that makes up the receptor. The process of transduction is kicked off by this modification. In most cases, signal transduction occurs through a pathway that consists of numerous stages. The signal transduction route contains relay molecules, each of which influences the subsequent molecule in the pathway.
3. Reaction: In the third and last step, the signal causes a certain cellular response.
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Answer:
<u>True</u>
Explanation:
There are <u>two components of efferent/motor nervous system</u>.
1.<u>Autonomic Nervous System</u>
It innervates the<u> smooth muscles, glands and cardiac muscles and is under involuntary control. ANS is further divided into Sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system.</u>
It is composed of<u> preganglionic neurons</u> and <u>postganglionic neurons</u>. <u>The axons of preganglionic neurons synapse on the cell bodies of postganglionic neurons. </u>
Autonomic ganglia of sympathetic nervous system form the paravertebral ganglia (long chains on either side of spinal cord) and autonomic ganglia of parasympathetic nervous system are located close to the organ which the fibers innervate.
<u>2. Somatic Nervous system</u>
It is responsible for<u> voluntary control of skeletal muscles and is composed of motor nerve and the innervated muscle.</u>
