The highest trophic level has the least available energy in kilojoules.
Even though the food web is not shown in the question, but we know that energy decreases steadily as it is passed on from one trophic level to the next according to the second law of thermodynamics.
Energy enters into the system from the sun. The primary producers utilize this energy to produce food. As plants are eaten by animals, this energy is transferred along the food web an diminishes at each higher trophic level.
At the highest trophic level, the the least available energy in kilojoules in this food web is found.
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The core of a star must be at the temperature of 10,000,000 degrees Celsius for hydrogen fusion to begin.
Answer:
<em>The comoving distance and the proper distance scale</em>
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Explanation:
The comoving distance scale removes the effects of the expansion of the universe, which leaves us with a distance that does not change in time due to the expansion of space (since space is constantly expanding). The comoving distance and proper distance are defined to be equal at the present time; therefore, the ratio of proper distance to comoving distance now is 1. The scale factor is sometimes not equal to 1. The distance between masses in the universe may change due to other, local factors like the motion of a galaxy within a cluster. Finally, we note that the expansion of the Universe results in the proper distance changing, but the comoving distance is unchanged by an expanding universe.
Answer:
F = 800N
the magnitude of the average force exerted on the wall by the ball is 800N
Explanation:
Applying the impulse-momentum equation;
Impulse = change in momentum
Ft = m∆v
F = (m∆v)/t
Where;
F = force
t = time
m = mass
∆v = v2 - v1 = change in velocity
Given;
m = 0.80 kg
t = 0.050 s
The ball strikes the wall horizontally with a speed of 25 m/s, and it bounces back with this same speed.
v2 = 25 m/s
v1 = -25 m/s
∆v = v2 - v1 = 25 - (-25) m/s = 25 +25 = 50 m/s
Substituting the values;
F = (m∆v)/t
F = (0.80×50)/0.05
F = 800N
the magnitude of the average force exerted on the wall by the ball is 800N