Charlemagne (/ˈʃɑːrləmeɪn/) or Charles the Great[a] (German: Karl der Große, Italian: Carlo Magno/Carlomagno; 2 April 742[1][b] – 28 January 814), numbered Charles I, was King of the Franks from 768, King of the Lombards from 774, and Holy Roman Emperor from 800. He united much of western and central Europe during the Early Middle Ages. He was the first recognised emperor to rule from western Europe since the fall of the Western Roman Empire three centuries earlier.[2] The expanded Frankish state that Charlemagne founded is called the Carolingian Empire. He was later canonized by Antipope Paschal III.
Charlemagne
A denarius of Charlemagne dated c. 812–814 with the inscription KAROLVS IMP AVG(Karolus Imperator Augustus) (in Latin)
Holy Roman EmperorReign25 December 800 – 28 January 814Coronation25 December 800
Old St. Peter's Basilica, RomePredecessorMonarchy establishedSuccessorLouis the PiousKing of the LombardsReign10 July 774 – 28 January 814Coronation10 July 774
PaviaPredecessorDesideriusSuccessorBernard of ItalyKing of the FranksReign9 October 768 – 28 January 814Coronation9 October 768
NoyonPredecessorPepin the ShortSuccessorLouis the Pious
Born2 April 742[1]
Frankish KingdomDied28 January 814 (aged 71)
Aachen, Francia (present-day Germany)BurialAachen CathedralSpouse
Desiderata
(m. c. 770; annulled 771)
Hildegard of Vinzgouw
(m. 771; d. 783)
Fastrada
(m. c. 783; d. 794)
Luitgard
(m. c. 794; d. 800)
Issue
Among others
Pepin the Hunchback
Charles the Younger
Pepin of Italy
Louis the Pious
DynastyCarolingianFatherPepin the ShortMotherBertrada of LaonReligionRoman CatholicismSignum manus
Charlemagne was the eldest son of Pepin the Short and Bertrada of Laon, born before their canonical marriage.[3] He became king in 768 following his father's death, initially as co-ruler with his brother Carloman I. Carloman's sudden death in December 771 under unexplained circumstances left Charlemagne as the sole ruler of the Frankish Kingdom.[4] He continued his father's policy towards the papacy and became its protector, removing the Lombards from power in northern Italy and leading an incursion into Muslim Spain. He campaigned against the Saxons to his east, Christianizing them upon penalty of death and leading to events such as the Massacre of Verden. He reached the height of his power in 800 when he was crowned "Emperor of the Romans" by Pope Leo III on Christmas Day at Rome's Old St. Peter's Basilica.
<span>Most delegates had already concluded that there were weaknesses in the Artlicles</span>
In France following the French Revolution there was a period that is known as the "reign of terror" whereby revolutionary courts were set up to prosecute individuals who were believed to be "enemies of the revolution." This was essentially a witch hunt for the enemies of the political elites during this period.
President Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR)
The decision to erect a memorial to Thomas Jefferson was passed by Congress in 1934. Controversy occurred when the Tidal Basin was chosen in 1937 as the site for the memorial. The Tidal Basin is a reservoir between the Potomac River and the Washington Channel. Putting the memorial there required the removal of flowering cherry trees, and there was some objection to that. There was some controversy also over the design of the memorial itself. But FDR, who had been the one who had, in 1934, suggested to the Commission of Fine Arts that a memorial to Jefferson be built, approved the pantheon design for the memorial and gave the project permission to proceed.
