Greece is the correct answer
English colonists were looking for a new home, where they could support themselves (they had financial troubles back home) and maybe even become wealthy.
America was a good choice as it had a very small number of indigenous population, and northern America was not sucessfully claimed by Spain, so they were free to settle there and they decided to do so.
That really depends as politics were constantly changing through the course of history. If you're referring to the time around the constitution, then the main political parties would be the Federalists and the Anti Federalists in which the Federalists were in favor of a strong central government while the anti Federalists scorned the idea in fear of a repeat of their much hated former king.
