Let's start with the given arc and its angle.
The angle YWX is going to be half the arc length.
YWX = 1/2 (226) = 113
Angles VWX and YWX form a linear pair (or are supplementary angles), which means that their sum is 180 degrees.
(15x - 8) + 113 = 180
15x + 105 = 180
15x = 75
x = 5
Hope this helps!
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The 114 represents 80% of the total price before the sale. You would set up your equation as
Cost Price * 80% = Sale Price.
Sale Price = 114
80% = 80/100 = 0.8
Cost Price = 114/0.8
Cost Price = 142.50 which is the price before the deduction. You can confirm this by taking 20% of 142.50 and subtracting it form 142.50
20% * 142.50
20/100 * 142.50
2850/100
28.50
Now subtract 28.50 from 142.50
142.50 - 28.50 = 114 which is just what you might expect.