Answer:
(a) Surface energy is greater than grain boundary energy due to the fact that the bonds of the atoms on the surface are lower than those of the atoms at the grain boundary. The energy is also directly proportional to the number of bonds created.
(b) The energy of a high-angle grain boundary is higher than that of a small-angle grain boundary because the high-angle grain boundary has a higher misalignment and smaller number of bonds than a small-angle grain boundary.
Explanation:
(a) Surface energy is greater than grain boundary energy due to the fact that the bonds of the atoms on the surface are lower than those of the atoms at the grain boundary. The energy is also directly proportional to the number of bonds created.
(b) The energy of a high-angle grain boundary is higher than that of a small-angle grain boundary because the high-angle grain boundary has a higher misalignment and smaller number of bonds than a small-angle grain boundary.
A diagram showing a use case diagrams for these requirements is given in the image attached.
<h3>What is system
Case diagram?</h3>
A use case diagram is known to be a kind of graphical illustration of a users in terms of their various possible association or interactions within any given system.
A use case diagram in banking can be used to prepare, depict and also to know all the functional requirements of the banking system.
Therefore, Give the use case specification for the banking system services and paying a bill online is given in the image attached.
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