It has to represent a serious departure from what is culturally or socially normal. Indeed, religious and cultural beliefs are taken into account while diagnosing a psychological disorder.
Answer: d.American Indians
Explanation:
When the Europeans first arrived in the Americas, they found out that the Americas were not uninhabited but had various tribes of a groups of people collectively referred to as American Indians.
As much war and disease befell the American Indians from the Europeans, they lost a lot of their land and their numbers were greatly reduced such that their dominance over the Americas was taken from them and their status in society reduced greatly.
The appropriate response is Extended Parallel Process Model. It is a structure created by Kim Witte which endeavors to anticipate how people will respond when faced with dread prompting jolts.
I hope the answer helps.