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STatiana [176]
3 years ago
12

The Privacy Act of 1974 was repealed by the USA Patriot Act of 2001. a. Restricts the use of personal information by private com

panies. b. Set controls on the right of government to collect, use, and share data about individuals. c. Set time limits for how long personal data could be maintained by government and private companies.
Law
1 answer:
worty [1.4K]3 years ago
4 0

Answer:

<h2>B. Set controls on the right of government to collect, use, and share data about individuals.</h2>

Explanation:

The<em> USA PATRIOT Act </em>was passed after <em>9/11</em> attacks. It allowed the law enforcement agencies the powers to indict, investigate and bring terrorists to justice and increased the penalties for supporting and commuting crimes.  It was a measure to deter and punish the terrorist attacks in the US by strengthening money laundering prevention and improved law enforcement. It provides the police with the tools designed for preventing drug trafficking and organised crime. e.g The federal agencies can obtain business record of hardware store by showing court order to know if someone is buying the objects needed for building a bomb.

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Identify and explain the eight general forecasts that experts believe are likely to occur in the area of computer crime.
VMariaS [17]

Answer:

Explanation:

1. The GDPR reality will hit

After six years of preparation, hype and debate the EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) will be enforced beginning May 25, 2018.

Many firms processing EU citizens’ data from outside of the EU may not have understood that they, too, will be affected by the regulations. Recent analysis suggests that few firms are ready for the new regulations, raising the likelihood of breaches and potential fines.

2. Malware authors will get smarter

In recent years, a big trend in the anti-malware market has been the use of machine learning algorithms in detection engines that rely on features extracted from known bad samples.

These bad samples include metadata values, exported function names, and suspicious actions.

Malware authors will get better at building techniques to outsmart them as “NextGen AV” solutions become more commonplace.

In recent months we have seen malware filled with legitimate code and functionality which appears to have no purpose but to outsmart machine learning algorithms.

3. Extortion through ransomware hack-and-leak

There has been a rise in ransomware in recent years, partly enabled by online criminal malware marketplaces and partly due to the popularity of Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies.

Businesses are a natural target for such attacks, as seen with WannaCry and Petya last year.

Ransomware can be spread across a large number of networked devices for maximum impact. Businesses rarely pay a ransom of this nature, as they typically have backups they can revert to when needed.

A more dangerous approach we believe criminals will begin to implement is stealing information and extorting victims by threatening to leak if ransom isn't paid. These leaks could be highly damaging, including incurring substantial fines, loss of customers, embarrassment to executives, and more.

4. Market manipulation via hack or Twitter bot

There haven’t been many cases of criminals looking for ways to target and exploit the stock market system online. However, the market remains an attractive target, as playing the market is “out-of-band” from the hack itself.

We predict we’ll see a repurposing of “fake-news” Twitter bots to push market-relevant information, which could be used in “pump-and-dump” style attacks, or could be targeted at algorithmic trading “bots.”

5. The ‘battle of the bots’ will emerge

It’s inevitable that attackers will begin to incorporate machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI) at the same rate as network defense tools. We may already be at this point, with online Twitter bots able to react to emerging events and craft messages to respond.

This could be the year we see the first battle of the AI bots. As cyber-criminals build systems that can “learn” and adapt to defenses, detection engines will also evolve using AI.

6. Supply chain woes

2017 was a huge year for supply chain attacks. We predict this will continue as criminals see this type of attack to be more and more viable.

The biggest chunk of this may be software supply chain compromise rather than third-party or hardware compromise.

7. Sociotechnical approaches to risk

Securing information has become less about having firewalls and policies, and more about complex interactions between people and machines.

Practitioners have also realized there is need to consider systems as a whole, rather than as discrete components, and have now begun to consider new approaches.

A possible new approach is safety engineering, which is already copied across other domains.

We may see greater emphasis on evolving security beyond traditional approaches, incorporating sociotechnical analysis.

8. IDN Homograph Domain Spoofing

The internationalized domain name (IDN) homograph technique uses similar characters in non-Latin alphabets to appear similar to the targeted Latin alphabet domain.

The non-Latin characters are interpreted by the Latin web browsers as “punycode.”

As an example, the punycode of “xn--oogle-qmc” resolves to “google.” Note the two different types of “g.”

Recently we have observed this technique being employed on a larger scale. Although it has been a proof of concept and used sparingly for a number of years, attackers can use a vast amount of subtle letter swaps using this technique.

We predict this technique will increase this year if web browsers continue converting the punycode domain into the unicode domain, thus appearing to be the legitimate domain to the end user.

While it’s difficult to predict what the future holds, it’s important to remain vigilant and aware to proactively defend against cybercrime.

5 0
2 years ago
What happens if you disclose classified information?
Vedmedyk [2.9K]

According to the Espionage Act, it is illegal to intentionally disclose classified information without consent. Up to ten years in prison, a hefty fine, or even being accused of treason are possible penalties.

The disclosure of classified material is prohibited by a number of federal statutes. The law bans the knowing and intentional transmission of specific classified information to an unauthorized person under Title 18 of the United States Code, Section 798. Only information about American communications intelligence systems and operations is covered in this section. Any of the following actions concerning sensitive information that are done knowingly and willingly are illegal:

  1. communication, provision, transmission, or availability in any other way to an unauthorized individual
  2. Release it
  3. Use it in a manner that is harmful to government interests or safety.

A conviction for unauthorized disclosure carries a sentence of up to 10 years in jail, a large fine, or both.

To know more about classified information, refer:

brainly.com/question/25031712

#SPJ4

8 0
10 months ago
How do future consequences influence people in their decisions about exercise and diet?​
olga nikolaevna [1]

Answer:

people choose to work desk jobs that do not keep them fit, and now they have to make more time to stay healthy. things like land, labor, capital, and entrepreneurship that are needed to produce goods and services.

Explanation:

hope this helps please brainiest

8 0
3 years ago
Must all elements of probable cause exist before a lawful arrest can be made?
kkurt [141]

householdThereWhichever,

Probable cause is a requirement found in the Fourth Amendment that must usually be met before the police make an arrest, conduct a search, or receive a warrant.

“Probable cause” is a legal standard applied to the police and prosecutors; individual citizens don’t “get” probable cause.

Police must demonstrate sufficient probable cause to believe that there is evidence of a crime to obtain a search warrant or an arrest warrant.

Prosecutors must demonstrate sufficient probable cause as to every element of a charged crime to proceed with filing charges and beginning the trial process.

There is no clear legal definition of what constitutes “probable cause” — it’s somewhere between suspicion and proof. The closest you’ll come is the 1949 case Brinegar v. the United States in which the Supreme Court described it thus:

“…where the facts and circumstances within the officers' knowledge, and of which they have reasonably trustworthy information, are sufficient in themselves to warrant a belief by a man of reasonable caution that a crime is being committed.”

Please imagine a situation when someone very healthy falls ill all of a sudden and the reason is not immediately known. You take that person to a doctor and the doctor will ask you to identify the root cause of the illness, generally as under:

type of food the person ate recently

what liquids he/she consumed

whether he/she traveled recently and had food from outside,

whether affected by climate change,

whether any drastic change in his/her daily routine etc.

any other likely change in his/her work schedule

The above list could be the probable causes from which the doctor can identify the root cause for the illness.

II. Similarly, when an inexplicable accident happens(the driver cannot find out the cause), several questions like the following may be asked:

was there break failure

did one of the tires burst

was the driver distracted by someone(suddenly crossing the road etc.)

did the driver doze off(sleep for a while)

The above can be considered as the probable causes, to arrive at the root cause of the accident.

This is cause and this is the effect is a highly scientific approach and it is hardly possible in less than 1% of our day-to-day life despite our 99% dependence on only science-originated things. It is a decision without measurements, proper logic errors, etc., we are forced to land in probability and possibility. Maximum experience is in medical decisions, especially in new upcoming nuisance topics like a corona. Only probable cause is guessed. There is nothing when a patient comes with corona. Whichever is the cause treat him with your best tools as a doctor? Those who work in huge projects of prevention, curtailing, “stop-the-spread” projects will break their heads.

A simple example from a household happening. The jewel kept on a chair just temporarily is missing. 1. Somebody should have kept it safely 2. Somebody should have pocketed it on a non-returnable basis 3. The servants should have taken full benefit of our negligence and we should start searching for what more is stolen 4. The jeweler whom we told that we have some repair work should have come and taken it for repair, we telephone and find out. 5. Government announced gold control when Morarji was P.M. Some excise officer should have read it now, noticed our careless and taken it.

Which out of these is most probable?

Nothing! The jewel was under the cushion of the chair.

Two servants were dismissed forever. There is no excise department connection with that jewel. Nobody can keep it more safely than what the jewel can keep its good self. That jeweler has left the city two years ago.

All guesswork done is included in only probable causes, many cause foolish. Some are probable. But the actual happening has not chosen that. It is the house that has chosen those causes. The scientific or guess ability of the house is clear to them at least.

Probable cause is a guesswork cause that may be or may not be tallying with the truth. The correct guess is 100% probable!

The jewel missing cause is 0% probable!

6 0
2 years ago
What are the penalties of crimes against humanity?.
zhannawk [14.2K]
The penalty for a crime against humanity is imprisonment for a term not exceeding 30 years.
5 0
2 years ago
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