Studies of British civil servants have found that those in the lowest status jobs are much more likely to develop heart disease
than those who have high status jobs. These findings attest to the importance of ________ in dealing with stress. biofeedback
social support
perceived control
emotion-focused coping
Perceived control has important effects on people's physical and mental health as well as on workers' behavior. The effects of perceived control on worker behavior have been studied for many years and have shown concrete results in how satisfaction influences health.
Perceived control is an individual's belief about the amount of control available in a situation. When the individual feels that he can have some control over his environment, that individual can achieve sufficient levels of satisfaction that have the power to cause less stress and consequently good health.
Without perceived control, workers in lower status positions are much more likely to develop heart disease than those in high-status jobs. This is because these workers feel that they do not have control over their future over their working life.
. A limited government is structured to keep peace among all parties involved in the government. In a limited government, the people who create the laws must follow the laws, and the citizens have choice in who becomes a lawmaker.
Different people define it in different ways. Sociologists cannot accept the same meaning. For our purposes, we have defined marriage as a legally recognized social contract between two persons, which is traditionally based on sexual intercourse and affects the permanence of the union.
In formulating a comprehensive definition, we must also consider variations such as whether a formal legal union is necessary (think of a common law marriage and its equivalents), or whether more than two people can participate.
Other changes in the definition of marriage include whether spouses are of the opposite sex or of the same sex, and how one of the traditional expectations of marriage (having children) can be understood today. Based on Simel's distinction between social and contact forms and content (see Chapter 6), we can analyze the family as a social form that exists within five different materials or interests in sexual activity, economic cooperation, reproduction, child socialization, and emotion.
As we expect from Simmel's analysis, some or all of these substances are expressed in a variety of family types: nuclear families, polygamous families, extended families, same-parent families, single-parent families, zero-child families, etc., however, coincidentally in the form of family adoption it will not be; Instead, these forms are determined by cultural traditions, social structures, economic pressures, and historical changes.
They are subject to intense moral and political debate about the definition of family, "family decline" or policy options that best serve the well-being of children. In these discussions, sociology demonstrates its practical side as a discipline that can provide the real knowledge needed to make evidence-based decisions on political and moral issues related to the family.
Sociologists are interested in the relationship between the marriage organization and the family organization, because, historically, marriages form a family, and society-built families are the most basic social unit. Both marriage and family play an acceptable status role in society.
