The federal government regulates and controls the economy through numerous laws affecting economic activity.
I hope that answers your question.
Answer:
a. The directionality of the complementary strand is antiparallel. The double-stranded DNA is antiparallel comprising two strands, which run alongside each other, however, point in reverse directions. In a double-stranded molecule of DNA, the 5 prime ends of one strand align with the 3 prime ends of the other strand, and vice versa.
b. The mediation of base pairing is done by non-covalent hydrogen bonds. It is reversible, that is, the strands can separate and can come combined again without any chemical modification.
The specificity of base pairing is illustrated by hydrogen bonds that is, the first strand produces hydrogen bonds only with a particular base in the second strand, and these two bases produce a base-pair.
c. The interaction or association of non-covalent type, that is, hydrophobic interaction and hydrogen bonding. Collectively, they both are strong. In the process, one base associate with the other base on the complementary strand.
d. The phosphate backbone possesses the tendency to associate with water on the outside of the molecule, and this is favorable chemically as both the strands are held together by hydrogen bond and hydrophobic interaction.
The polar molecules of sugar can produce hydrogen bonds with the surrounding molecules of water. The negatively charged phosphate group associate with the positively charged ions. The nonpolar nitrogen bases are found within the molecule and associate favorably through stacking interactions.
Answer:
Please find the summary of what happens during DNA replication below
Explanation:
DNA replication is the process by which a DNA molecule is duplicated into two identical copies. It occurs in the nucleus of the cell prior to any cellular division. The process includes:
- The double stranded DNA is first unwound by an enzyme called DNA HELICASE into a replication fork consisting of two single strands of DNA.
- Another enzyme called DNA POLYMERASE binds to the DNA and begins to add NUCLEOTIDES to each strand using complementary base pairing rule i.e. A-T, G-C. To do this, short sequences of RNA called PRIMER are synthesized by an enzyme called PRIMASE, which serves as building block for DNA polymerase to act.
- However, DNA POLYMERASE can only work in the 5'-3' direction i.e. on the leading strand which runs from 3'-5' direction. Short pieces of DNA called OKAZAKI fragments are synthesized on the lagging strand, which runs from 5'-3' direction.
- An enzyme called LIGASE joins the okazaki fragments together into a whole DNA on the lagging strand.
After the replication process which follows the SEMI-CONSERVATIVE MODEL of replication, each DNA molecule will contain one old strand called PARENT STRAND and one NEW strand.
Answer:
B. Lyme disease is caused by a bacterium and RSMF by a rickettsial agent.
Explanation: Rocky Mountain spotted fever is characterized by a sudden, unrelenting and quickly escalating fever and headache and a rash that usually starts on the wrists and ankles. In contrast, the fever and aches associated with Lyme disease will wax and wane, and the circular rash will go away without treatment.
Answer:
Formation. When the solar system settled into its current layout about 4.5 billion years ago, Earth formed when gravity pulled swirling gas and dust in to become the third planet from the Sun. Like its fellow terrestrial planets, Earth has a central core, a rocky mantle and a solid crust.
