There are four monoclonal antibodies (MAB) which specifically recognize double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) together with their use in new methods for detecting and characterizing dsRNA in unfractionated nucleic acid extracts. The specificity of the antibodies was analyzed using a panel of 27 different synthetic and naturally occurring nucleic acids. All four antibodies reacted in a highly specific manner with long dsRNA helices, irrespective of their sequence; no binding to single-stranded RNA homopolymers or to DNA or RNA-DNA hybrids were observed.
Monoclonal antibodies
A monoclonal antibody (mAb, more rarely called moAb) is an antibody made by cloning a unique white blood cell. All subsequent antibodies derived this way trace back to a unique parent cell.
Monoclonal antibodies can have monovalent affinity, binding only to the same epitope (the part of an antigen that is recognized by the antibody). In contrast, polyclonal antibodies bind to multiple epitopes and are usually made by several different antibody-secreting plasma cell lineages. Bispecific monoclonal antibodies can also be engineered, by increasing the therapeutic targets of one monoclonal antibody to two epitopes.
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Cenozoic Era: Deinotherium
Mesozoic Era: Ichthyosaur
Paleozoic Era: Trilobites
Precambrian Era: Ediacarans
Ans: maintain homeostasis
Homeostasis is any
self-regulating process by which biological systems tend to maintain stability
while adjusting to conditions that are optimal for survival. It is the stable
state of an organism and of its internal environment. Maintenance of
homeostasis usually involves negative feedback loops. These loops act to oppose
the stimulus, or cue, that triggers them. The stable condition is the condition
of optimal functioning for the organism, and is dependent on many variables,
such as body temperature and fluid balance, being kept within certain pre-set
limits.
The correct answer is d: cDNA.
<span>cDNA or complementary DNA is DNA synthesized usually from messenger RNA (mRNA) by the enzyme reverse transcriptase. Because this molecule is from mRNA it contains only exons. cDNA is also produced naturally by retroviruses, for example, HIV virus.</span>
