Lewis structures for the perchlorate ion (ClO4−) can be drawn with all single bonds or with one, two, or three double bonds. Dra
w each of these possible resonance forms, including any nonbonding electrons. Include the values of any nonzero formal charges. Use formal charges to determine the most important resonance structure and calculate its average bond order. slader
1 answer:
Answer:
The most important resonance structure is 4 (attached picture). Its bon order is or
.
Explanation:
A picture with 4 forms of the perchlorate structure is attached. The first structure has simple bonds. The second structure contains a double bond, the third structure has two double bonds and the fourth structure has three double bonds.
Formal charge = group number of the periodic table - number of bonds (number of bonding electrons / 2) - number of non-shared electrons (lone pairs)
The formal charges in the first structure is +3 in chlorine and -1 in oxygen.
The formal charges in the second structure is +2 in chlorine, -1 in oxygen and 0 in the double bond oxygen.
The formal charges in the third structure is +1 in chlorine, -1 in the single bond oxygens and 0 in the double bond oxygens.
The formal charges in the fourth structure is 0 in chlorine, -1 in the single bond oxygen and 0 in the double bond oxygens.
The most important resonance structure is given by:
- Most atoms have 0 formal charge.
- Lowest magnitude of formal charges.
- If there is a negative formal charge, it's on the most electronegative atom.
Hence, the fourth structure is the mosr important.
The bond order of the structure is:
Total number of bonds: 7
Total number of bond groups: 4
Bond order=
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9.25
Explanation:
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number of moles of = 0.40 mol/L × 200 × 10⁻³L
= 0.08 mole
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= 0.04 mole
The equation for the reaction is expressed as:
The ICE Table is shown below as follows:
Initial (M) 0.08 0.04 0
Change (M) - 0.04 -0.04 + 0.04
Equilibrium (M) 0.04 0 0.04
for buffer solutions
since they are in the same solution
Answer:
See below
Step-by-step explanation:
(a) Shape
The formula for water is H-O-H.
The central O atom has four electron pairs around it. They try to get as far from each other as possible, so they point toward the corners of a tetrahedron.
Only two of the pairs have a hydrogen atom attached, so water has a bent shape. The H-O-H bond angle is about 104°.
(b) Chemical magnet
The O atom has a greater attraction than H for the shared electrons in the O-H bonds, so the electrons spend more time near the O.
This gives the O atom a partial negative charge (pink in the diagram) and the H atoms a partial positive charge (blue).
The water molecule acts like a chemical magnet because its negative end attracts the positive ends of other molecules, while its positive ends attract the negative ends of other molecules.
