Answer:
- Nitrogen has four pairs of electrons: 3 bonds and 1 lone pair in the valence shell;
- Electrons repel one another based on the VSEPR theory;
- Nitrogen has a total of 7 protons (its atomic number is 7) in its nucleus.
Explanation:
The shape and the bond orientation of molecules and ions are both explained by the valences shell electron pair repulsion theory (VSEPR).
Ammonia, 
, is a molecule which contains three N-H bonds, as well as one lone pair on nitrogen. According to the VSEPR theory, molecules try to acquire a shape which would minimize the repulsion exhibited by the electron clouds present, that is, between the bonding (shared in a bond) and non-bonding (lone pair) electrons.
In VSEPR, our main step is to calculate the steric number, this is the sum of the number of bonds (ignoring the multiplicity of any bond) and the lone pairs on a central atom. In ammonia, we have 3 bonds and 1 lone pair, totaling to a steric number of 4. A steric number of 4 without any lone pairs on a central atom and just bonds would yield a tetrahedral shape with bond angles of 
.
Now, in this case, since we have a lone pair instead of a bond, it is repelling stronger decreasing the bond angles to about 
.
The greater the number of lone pairs, the lower the angle becomes.
To summarize:
- Nitrogen has four pairs of electrons: 3 bonds and 1 lone pair in the valence shell;
- Electrons repel one another based on the VSEPR theory;
- Nitrogen has a total of 7 protons (its atomic number is 7) in its nucleus.
Answer:
Chromosomes
Explanation:
A karyotype is an individual's collection of chromosomes
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Explanation:
1. Boyle's Law states that pressure is inversely proportional to the volume of the gas at constant temperature and number of moles.
(At constant temperature and number of moles)
2. Charles' Law states that volume is directly proportional to the temperature of the gas at constant pressure and number of moles.
(At constant pressure and number of moles
3. Gay Lussac's Law states that tempertaure is directly proportional to the pressure of the gas at constant volume and number of moles of gas
(At constant volume and number of moles)
Answer:
the correct answer is Blue
Answer:
The laws are: (1) Every object moves in a straight line unless acted upon by a force.
(2) The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force exerted and inversely proportional to the object's mass.
(3) For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
