John and Jack are both trying to sell a used car to Jim. John's car is a lemon, a car that has a serious but nonobvious problem.
Jack's car is a cherry, a car that has no problems. Jim cannot tell the difference between the cars. Economists say this information problem might be solved with signaling. Who has an incentive to find a way to signal quality?
You have been living your whole life on a planet. Planets make up solar systems, solar systems make up galaxies, and galaxies make up universes which make up all of existence in space.
