Answer:
1 a. Year 1 unit product cost = 45
Year 2 unit product cost = 45
Notes: Unit product cost = Direct materials + direct labor + Variable manufacturing overhead = 25 + 15 + 5 = 45 units
1 b. Income statement
Year 1 Year 2
Sales 2,400,000 3,000,000
(40000*60); (50000*60)
Less:
Variable cost of goods sold 1,800,000 2,250,000
Variable selling and adm. 80,000 100,000
Contribution margin 520,000 650,000
Less:
Fixed manufacturing overhead 250,000 250,000
Fixed selling & adm expense 80,000 80,000
Net income $190,000 $320,000
2 a. Notes
Year 1 Year 2
Direct materials 25 25
Direct labor 15 15
Variable manufacturing overhead 5 5
Fixed manufacturing overhead <u> 5 6.25</u>
(250,000/50,000); (250,000/40000)
Unit product cost 50 51.25
b. Income statement
Year 1 Year 2
Sales 2400000 3000000
Less: cost of goods sold <u>2000000</u> <u>2550000</u>
Gross margin 400,000 450,000
Less: Selling and <u>160,000</u> <u> 180,000</u>
administrative expense
Net income 240,000 270,000
Workings
Cost of goods sold for year 2 = (10,000* 50) + (40000 * 51.25)
= 500,000 + 2,050,000
= 25,500,000
3. Reconciliation Year 1 Year 2
Variable costing net operating 190,000 320,000
income (loss)
Add: Deferred fixed overhead 50,000
in ending inventory (10000*5)
Less: Fixed overhead realized <u> -50,000</u>
in beginning inventory(10000*5)
Absorption costing net operating $240,000 270,000
income (loss)
