Extra words in a sentence that add detail and are set off by commas are called nonessential elements. This is because they are not essential to the sentence and story, they are simply an added bonus, without them the sentence still makes sense.
Tone indicates the writer's attitude. Often an author's tone is described by adjectives, such as: cynical , depressed , sympathetic , cheerful , outraged , positive , angry , sarcastic , prayerful , ironic , solemn , vindictive , intense , excited.
The second one I was thinking for the third one