How does the water needed to carry out photosynthesis get to leaves?
A. through chlorophyll molecules
B. through vascular bundles
C. through stomata
D. through mesophyll cells
Answer:
READ THIS
Explanation:
To understand how gene expression is regulated, we must first understand how a gene codes for a functional protein in a cell. The process occurs in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, just in slightly different manners.
Prokaryotic organisms are single-celled organisms that lack a cell nucleus, and their DNA therefore floats freely in the cell cytoplasm. To synthesize a protein, the processes of transcription and translation occur almost simultaneously. When the resulting protein is no longer needed, transcription stops. As a result, the primary method to control what type of protein and how much of each protein is expressed in a prokaryotic cell is the regulation of DNA transcription. All of the subsequent steps occur automatically. When more protein is required, more transcription occurs. Therefore, in prokaryotic cells, the control of gene expression is mostly at the transcriptional level.
Eukaryotic cells, in contrast, have intracellular organelles that add to their complexity. In eukaryotic cells, the DNA is contained inside the cell’s nucleus and there it is transcribed into RNA. The newly synthesized RNA is then transported out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm, where ribosomes translate the RNA into protein. The processes of transcription and translation are physically separated by the nuclear membrane; transcription occurs only within the nucleus, and translation occurs only outside the nucleus in the cytoplasm. The regulation of gene expression can occur at all stages of the process (Figure 1). Regulation may occur when the DNA is uncoiled and loosened from nucleosomes to bind transcription factors (epigenetic level), when the RNA is transcribed (transcriptional level), when the RNA is processed and exported to the cytoplasm after it is transcribed (post-transcriptional level), when the RNA is translated into protein (translational level), or after the protein has been made (post-translational level).
Animal cells don't have mitochondria and have smaller vacuoles than plant cells <span />
Answer:
Profase - Metafase - Anafase - Telofase - Citocinesis
Explanation:
Estas fases ocurren en orden estrictamente secuencial y la citocinesis —el proceso de dividir el contenido de la célula para hacer dos nuevas células— comienza en la anafase o telofase. Etapas de la mitosis: profase, metafase, anafase y telofase. La citocinesis típicamente se superpone con la anafase o telofase.
