1answer.
Ask question
Login Signup
Ask question
All categories
  • English
  • Mathematics
  • Social Studies
  • Business
  • History
  • Health
  • Geography
  • Biology
  • Physics
  • Chemistry
  • Computers and Technology
  • Arts
  • World Languages
  • Spanish
  • French
  • German
  • Advanced Placement (AP)
  • SAT
  • Medicine
  • Law
  • Engineering
Helen [10]
3 years ago
15

Describe transcription and translation

Biology
2 answers:
dalvyx [7]3 years ago
7 0

Answer:

Transcription is the process by which the information in a strand of DNA is copied into a new molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA). DNA safely and stably stores genetic material in the nuclei of cells as a reference, or template. Meanwhile, mRNA is comparable to a copy from a reference book because it carries the same information as DNA but is not used for long-term storage and can freely exit the nucleus. Although the mRNA contains the same information, it is not an identical copy of the DNA segment, because its sequence is complementary to the DNA template.

Transcription is carried out by an enzyme called RNA polymerase and a number of accessory proteins called transcription factors. Transcription factors can bind to specific DNA sequences called enhancer and promoter sequences in order to recruit RNA polymerase to an appropriate transcription site. Together, the transcription factors and RNA polymerase form a complex called the transcription initiation complex. This complex initiates transcription, and the RNA polymerase begins mRNA synthesis by matching complementary bases to the original DNA strand. The mRNA molecule is elongated and, once the strand is completely synthesized, transcription is terminated. The newly formed mRNA copies of the gene then serve as blueprints for protein synthesis during the process of translation.

Translation is the process by which a protein is synthesized from the information contained in a molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA). During translation, an mRNA sequence is read using the genetic code, which is a set of rules that defines how an mRNA sequence is to be translated into the 20-letter code of amino acids, which are the building blocks of proteins. The genetic code is a set of three-letter combinations of nucleotides called codons, each of which corresponds with a specific amino acid or stop signal. Translation occurs in a structure called the ribosome, which is a factory for the synthesis of proteins. The ribosome has a small and a large subunit and is a complex molecule composed of several ribosomal RNA molecules and a number of proteins. Translation of an mRNA molecule by the ribosome occurs in three stages: initiation, elongation, and termination. During initiation, the small ribosomal subunit binds to the start of the mRNA sequence. Then a transfer RNA (tRNA) molecule carrying the amino acid methionine binds to what is called the start codon of the mRNA sequence. The start codon in all mRNA molecules has the sequence AUG and codes for methionine. Next, the large ribosomal subunit binds to form the complete initiation complex. During the elongation stage, the ribosome continues to translate each codon in turn. Each corresponding amino acid is added to the growing chain and linked via a bond called a peptide bond. Elongation continues until all of the codons are read. Lastly, termination occurs when the ribosome reaches a stop codon (UAA, UAG, and UGA). Since there are no tRNA molecules that can recognize these codons, the ribosome recognizes that translation is complete. The new protein is then released, and the translation complex comes apart.

Licemer1 [7]3 years ago
4 0

Answer:

See Below

Explanation:

The process by which DNA is copied to RNA is called transcription, and that by which RNA is used to produce proteins is called translation.

You might be interested in
The pectoral girdle articulates with the axial skeleton only at the
ivolga24 [154]
The pectoral girdle articulates with the axial skeleton only at the Sternoclavicular ligament<span>. The pectoral girdle connects the upper limbs to the axial skeleton and serves as the attachment site for the muscles of the upper back, chest and neck. The clavicle is the only long bone that lies in a horizontal position in the body. it has three regions; the medial end, the lateral end, and the shaft. The medial end has a triangular shape and articulates with the manubrium portion of the sternum. This forms sternoclavicular joint, which is the only bony articulation between the pectoral girdle of the upper limb and the axial skeleton. </span>
3 0
3 years ago
Why can a more complex sugar polysaccharide store more energy than a monosaccharide
Rudik [331]

Answer:

C: polysaccharide have more chemical bonds

8 0
3 years ago
Look at the chemical equations for cellular respiration and photosynthesis. How do these processes compare to one another in ter
murzikaleks [220]
Neither matter or energy is created or destroyed, it is simply reused. 
6 0
3 years ago
According to Malthus, what factors limited population growth?
Katarina [22]
<span>Malthus reasoned that if the human population continued to grow unchecked, sooner or later there would be insufficient living space and food for everyone.
That is all i know sorry if this does not help

</span>
3 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
What part of the human brain seems to be the most distinct from the brains of nonhuman animals?
tangare [24]
<span> part of the human brain seems to be the most distinct from the brains of nonhuman animals is </span><span>a. hypothalamus
</span>
5 0
3 years ago
Other questions:
  • _____ is a process that helps fuel your metabolism.
    5·1 answer
  • Suppose you wanted to develop a light to help increase plant growth. What characteristics should the light have? Why?
    8·1 answer
  • PLEASE ANSWER ASAP!!
    15·2 answers
  • Even though RSV infection in infants is common, a vaccine does not currently exist. Imagine you are designing a recombinant vacc
    14·1 answer
  • Prior to the let-down reflex, the mammary glands secrete a yellowish fluid called ________ that has less lactose than milk and a
    13·2 answers
  • What are chemical properties
    9·1 answer
  • Help me plz ASAP! Ty boys and girls
    6·1 answer
  • Which of these conditions is least likely to cause a species to become extinct due to environmental changes?
    13·1 answer
  • What kind of species can harm an ecosystem or human health when introduced into the new environment? A species whose introductio
    9·2 answers
  • Which is an example of using a mathematical model to describe the atom?
    11·2 answers
Add answer
Login
Not registered? Fast signup
Signup
Login Signup
Ask question!