Answer:
A limiting factor is anything in an environment/ecosystem that limits a population's size. They can be anything from the amount of available food, shelter, and competition.
Answer:
The <u>air quality index</u> is a measure of ozone and other pollutants in the air.
Explanation:
Indeterminate cleavage results in identical cells capable of forming an embryo while determinate cells do not result in cells which are capable to develop embryo.
Indeterminate is superior to determinate cleavage.
Explanation:
Cleavage is the division of cells in the early embryonic stage. The two stages of cleavage described here are:
In indeterminate cleavage or regulative cleavage occurs when an embryo divides, each cell is capable of developing into complete embryo. eg: Deuterosomes
In determinate cleavage the resulting embryonic cells of blastomere cannot develop into embryos. It is also called as mosaic cleavage. The essential part of the cell might be missing which does not let the cell survive. eg: Protosomes
Indeterminate cleavage is of great importance as the cell grows and can produce new organism. The complete identical twin is formed. Its application can be seen in tomato plants.
3. All animals do not display intermediate cleavage because growth from intermediate cleavage is continuous and does not stop after adulthood which is not possible in animals.
Answer:
The correct answer is D) short-lived plasma cells that secrete antibodies for the antigen
Explanation:
Each B lymphocyte has an antigen receptor (BCR: B cell receptor), a surface immunoglobulin (IgM or IgD), that binds to specific domains of the antigen called antigenic determinants or epitopes. Only B lymphocytes with a high antibody affinity for the antigen, and which are capable of processing and presenting it, will be positively selected. In this contact between the two cells, an exchange of chemical signals takes place that leads to the activation, clonal proliferation and differentiation of B cells into two sister subclones: one of antibody-secreting plasma cells, and the other of memory primed B cells. Therefore, only these last positively selected B lymphocytes will survive, proliferate and differentiate into plasma cells, synthesizing and secreting antibodies of a single isotypic class, with a unique specificity and high affinity, improving the ability to adhere to the antigen and, thus , neutralize and destroy pathogens.
Salt
a decrease in temperature and an increasue in salinity
