Answer:
a.$348,000
Explanation:
Research & Development Cost=Materials and supplies+R&D Salaries+Consultant fees+purchase cost of equipment=38,000+120,000+50,000+140,000
=$348,000
Answer:
changes in private savings offset any changes in the government deficit
Explanation:
Ricardian equivalence means that private saving changes offset any changes in the government budget. Therefore, if the deficit increases by 30, private saving also increases by 30 but the trade deficit and the budget deficit will not change.
In case of the Ricardian equivalence, economic agents are assumed to be perfectly rational. According to them, higher taxes are required to repay the debt in case of an increase in deficit-financed government spending.
Answer:
liquidity in the market
Explanation:
In business, market liquidity can be regarded as the trade off that exist between the price one want to sell an asset and how it can be sold out on time. It is a feature in which a particular firm as well as individuals can sell out any asset without serious change in the price of the asset. It should be noted that Even an economically sound economy will have problems managing risk and with solving investment issues. As these are resolved, it is most crucial to maintain Liquidity in the market
Answer:
Qualified Business Income Deduction is $9,800
Tax liability = $4,564
Explanation:
Qualified business income is calculated by subtracting an individual's ordinary deduction from a qualified business or trade from the individual's ordinary income.
Net income = $61,000
Standard deduction = $12,000
Modified taxable income;
$61,000 - $12,000 = $49,000
QBI Deduction (Sec 199A) is the lesser of:
[0.2 × 49,000 < 0.2 × 61,000]
$9,800 < $12,200
Therefore Qualified Business Income Deduction is $9,800
Taxable income = $(49,000 - 9800) =$39,200