Open ocean generally refers to the region under the ocean up to which the sunlight is penetrable. It covers a small portion of the top of ocean water. The features of an ocean floor that are found in an open ocean are the mid-oceanic ridge and the continental shelf.
Mid oceanic ridge is the boundary at which the seafloor spreading takes place. The hot intruding magma during seafloor spreading because of the divergent plate motion rises up towards the floor of the ocean and subsequently comes out. Due to the instant cooling, it forms lava and the deposition of rocks sometimes is very extensive that it forms a thick rock layers along the mid-oceanic ridge. It usually rises up to a height of about 2500 m from the ocean floor. The top of this ridge is above the sea level in Iceland.
The continental shelf is the region that extends from the near the coastal surface water body to a depth of 200 m below the sea level. The slope of the shelf is very gentle and sunlight can easily penetrate up to this region. It is rich in a lot of marine species as it provides the required necessary ingredients.
Answer: Genetic engineering has many applications to medicine that include the manufacturing of drugs, creation of model animals that mimic human conditions and gene therapy.
