On this day in 1795, President George Washington signs the Jay (or “Jay’s”) Treaty with Great Britain.
This treaty, known officially as the “Treaty of Amity Commerce and Navigation, between His Britannic Majesty; and The United States of America” attempted to diffuse the tensions between England and the United States that had risen to renewed heights since the end of the Revolutionary War. The U.S. government objected to English military posts along America’s northern and western borders and Britain’s violation of American neutrality in 1794 when the Royal Navy seized American ships in the West Indies during England’s war with France. The treaty, written and negotiated by Supreme Court Chief Justice (and Washington appointee) John Jay, was signed by Britain’s King George III on November 19, 1794 in London. However, after Jay returned home with news of the treaty’s signing, Washington, now in his second term, encountered fierce Congressional opposition to the treaty; by 1795, its ratification was uncertain.
Leading the opposition to the treaty were two future presidents: Thomas Jefferson and James Madison. At the time, Jefferson was in between political positions: he had just completed a term as Washington’s secretary of state from 1789 to 1793 and had not yet become John Adams’ vice president. Fellow Virginian James Madison was a member of the House of Representatives. Jefferson, Madison and other opponents feared the treaty gave too many concessions to the British. They argued that Jay’s negotiations actually weakened American trade rights and complained that it committed the U.S. to paying pre-revolutionary debts to English merchants. Washington himself was not completely satisfied with the treaty, but considered preventing another war with America’s former colonial master a priority.
Ultimately, the treaty was approved by Congress on August 14, 1795, with exactly the two-thirds majority it needed to pass; Washington signed the treaty four days later. Washington and Jay may have won the legislative battle and averted war temporarily, but the conflict at home highlighted a deepening division between those of different political ideologies in Washington, D.C. Jefferson and Madison mistrusted Washington’s attachment to maintaining friendly relations with England over revolutionary France, who would have welcomed the U.S. as a partner in an expanded war against England.
The industrialized nations build transcontinental railroads because of economic reasons, transportation, and travelling.
Explanation:
The industrialized nations are the most developed nations in the world. In order for these countries to further develop, and to function even more smoothly, they have engaged into numerous projects, and one of those projects has been the building of transcontinental railroads. These types of railroads managed to increase the connectivity throughout the nations, or between several nations.
The benefits of the transcontinental railroads can be seen in several things. The economy benefits greatly from them, because the trains are able to carry the most goods on land, and it is also the cheapest manner. The people are able to move on large distances very quickly, with the newest trains being able to reach speeds of 400, 500, and even 600 km/h. Countries that have built such railroads are:
- The United States
- Russia
- China
Learn more about the first American railroads brainly.com/question/13015908
#learnwithBrainly
This is true, not having a navy has shown itself to be a weakness of many nations/civilizations in the past. And there are also good reasons why this is so. Not having a navy strongly impacts a civilizations ability to maneuver around certain points and go around them. It also limits the ability to trade with other natons. Not to mention the additional value of having the firepower of ships (those that had cannons later on at least).
