Answer:
D) Project importance is enhanced by setting authority equal to that of functional departments.
Explanation:
A matrix organization is characterized by, multiple command system and overlapping of command, control and behavioral pattern.
Here, temporary project groups are created so as to handle short term projects. Personnel are drawn from functional department and their activities are controlled and coordinated by a project manager.
Once a project is completed, the structure is disbanded and the personnel return to their original departments i.e functional department.
During the project duration, a person is responsible and reports to two bosses, one being the project manager and secondly to the functional boss. Thus, under such a structure exists dual reporting.
Under matrix structure for project management, the project manager is not allowed to use resources exclusively for the project i.e like in project management. Rather, such a manager is required to share resources with the organization.
Answer:
6%
Explanation:
Data provided as per question is as given below:-
Redeemed amount = $1,000
Sale value of Bond = $687.25
Number of year = 5
The computation of interest rate is as shown below:-
Interest rate = (Redeemed amount ÷ Sale value of bond) ^ (1 ÷ Number of Year) - 1
= (1,000 ÷ 747.25) ^ (1 ÷ 5) - 1
= (1.338) ^ (0.2) - 1
= 0.06
= 6%
Answer:
Alpha for A is 1.40%; Alpha for B is -0.2%.
Explanation:
First, we use the CAPM to calculate the required returns of the two portfolios A and B given the risks of the two portfolios( beta), the risk-free return rate ( T-bill rate) and the Market return rate (S&P 500) are given.
Required Return for A: Risk-free return rate + Beta for A x ( Market return rate - Risk-free return rate) = 5% + 0.7 x (13% - 5%) = 10.6%;
Required Return for A: Risk-free return rate + Beta for B x ( Market return rate - Risk-free return rate) = 5% + 1.4 x (13% - 5%) = 16.2%;
Second, we compute the alphas for the two portfolios:
Portfolio A: Expected return of A - Required return of A = 12% - 10.6% = 1.4%;
Portfolio B: Expected return of B - Required return of B = 16% - 16.2% = -0.2%.
Just-in-time production is a highly coordinated activity that delivers goods or services when they are needed.
Just-in-time management is a philosophy, not a method. If the "customer" is the eventual consumer of the product or a process further along the production line, the term originally referred to the manufacturing of goods to precisely fulfill customer demand in time, quality, and quantity.
By minimising the time and resources needed for production operations, JIT increases productivity. More rapid product production is possible thanks to manufacturers.
This simplified strategy can save costs and boost productivity while things are going as usual, but it is vulnerable to changes in supply and demand. JIT production can make manufacturers unable to meet demand when global supply networks are interrupted for a variety of reasons, deepening an economic downturn.
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