Prophase of mitosis do the chromosomes become distinctly visible in the microscope.
During metaphase, the nucleus dissolves and the cell's chromosomes condense and move together, aligning in the center of the dividing cell. At this stage, the chromosomes are distinguishable when viewed through a microscope. The first stage of mitosis and of meiosis I and II.
During prophase the chromosomes become visible as distinct structures, the nuclear envelope breaks down, and a spindle forms (Meiotic prophase I is more complex, and includes synapsis of homologous chromosomes and crossing over). During Prophase chromosomes become Clearly visible, nuclear envelope disappears, kinetochores and spindle fibers form.
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Hormones are chemical messengers secreted mostly into blood and also extracellular fluid by specialized tissue of the endocrine system and affect the functioning of other tissues or cells.
Most hormones circulate in blood and come in contact with essentially all cells, but a particular hormone will only affect a limited number of cells, which are termed as target cells to that hormone.
A target cell responds to a particular hormone because it bears receptors for that hormone.
For example the red blood cells have receptors for the hormone called insulin which is produced by the pancreas. The red cells are able to take in glucose when their receptors bind to insulin.
In transverse waves, the particle movement is perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation. Light and other types of electromagnetic radiation are examples of transverse waves. Some other examples of transverse waves include a ripple on a pond and a wave in a string.